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A new crystal form of the NK1 splice variant of HGF/SF demonstrates extensive hinge movement and suggests that the NK1 dimer originates by domain swapping. A new crystal form of the NK1 splice variant of HGF/SF demonstrates extensive hinge movement and suggests that the NK1 dimer originates by domain swapping. A positive correlation between platelet count in liver cirrhosis and serum level of thrombopoietin and hepatocyte growth factor was observed. Administration of rh-HGF before storage improved cardiac function after prolonged myocardial preservation by preventing apoptosis through c-Met/HGF receptor. May be promising strategy for prolonged heart graft preservation. After acceleration of regenerative response by HGF, subsequent elevation of TGF-beta1 synergistically controls graft size, regulating uncontrolled proliferation of hepatocytes. Amyloid beta-protein expression and secretion are regulated via activation of ERK1/2 by HGF in cells transfected with APP751. Autocrine and paracrine support of HGF-c-Met system attenuates degeneration of anterior horn cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Disruption of neuronal HGF-c-Met system at advanced stage accelerates cellular degeneration and cell death. C/A polymorphism in intron 13 of the HGF gene is associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension in lean or female subjects. Circulating HGF may counteract thrombogenesis by negatively modulating platelet functions. Correlation between the vitreal levels of scatter factor and VCAM-1 was observed in diabetic patients. Data show that thymosin beta4 was differentially expressed in HGF-treated HUVECs compared with control. Decreased HGF may be related to vascular endothelial cell damage in the development of pregnancy induced hypertension. Densisty of HGF in hepatic allograft biopsy specimens compared with those from a control group of healthy patients. Down-regulation of hSulf1 contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing heparin-binding growth factor signaling and resistance to apoptosis. Epidermal and hepatocyte growth factors, but not keratinocyte growth factor, modulate protein kinase Calpha translocation to the plasma membrane. Exogenous hHGF reduced rat lung expression levels of endothelin-1 & transforming growth factor-beta, pulmonary artery medial wall thickening, and the total collagen deposition in the lung. HGF and HGFR have an alternative role activating the via STAT3 transdution and operating on placental tissues, overall in organogenesis alteration conditions. HGF and IL-1ra adhesion-dependent release from human blood granulocytes and monocytes involves plasma IgG, complement C3 and beta2 integrin. HGF and VEGF modulate the expression of cell adhesion and migration molecules and induce proliferation in endothelial cells, which may contribute to chronic hepatitis C-associated liver angiogenesis. HGF electrogene therapy would prevent liver from radiation-induced liver damage by preventing apoptosis and down-regulation of TGF-beta1. HGF found in articular cartilage is produced by osteoblasts, diffuses into the cartilage, and may be implicated in the osteoarthritic process. HGF in combination with vitamin D3 may have an autocrine and/or paracrine effect on the osteogenic maturation of bone marrow stromal cells, as well as on bone repair and remodeling. HGF increased the invasive potential of prostate cancer cells probably through enhancement of cell motility and the production of MMPs and u-PA. HGF induces a strong and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Cbl, resulting in an increased association with Fyn, Lyn, PI-3K, and CrkL. HGF induces fibronectin expression and its extracellular assembly on the surface of melanoma cells through activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, and induction and transcriptional activation of Early growth response-1 (Egr-1). HGF is involved in the development and/or progression of gastric carcinoma through an autocrine mechanism. HGF is modulated by stanninocalcin 1 and has roles in wound healing, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis. HGF maintains the hematopoietic microenvironment through stimulating proliferation and adhesion to the extracellular matrix and promoting hematopoiesis through inducing constitutive production of IL-11, SDF-1 alpha, and SCF by stromal cells themselves. HGF may stimulate the progression and growth of tumor cells in vivo by induction of Cox-2. HGF modulates endothelial K+ channels causing an activation of the eNOS; the increase of nitric oxide is necessary for the phosphorylation of the MAPK inducing the proliferation of HUCVEC. HGF plays an important role in hepatocyte proliferation but contrary to in vitro results, HGF does not play a major role for the progression of hepatocarcinoma cells in vivo. HGF polymorphism may be a candidate susceptibility loci that affects the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in japanese population. HGF specifically induced the expression of Smad transcriptional co-repressor SnoN but not Ski and TG-interacting factor at both mRNA and protein levels in kidney cells. HGF, SDF-1, and MMP-9 have roles in stress-induced human CD34+ stem cell recruitment to the liver. HGF, but not VEGF, serum levels in the coronary circulation correlated with left ventricular remodeling, suggesting HGF interaction in the wound-healing process associated with inflammation after AMI. HGF/MET signalling protects Plasmodium sporozoite-infected host cells from apoptosis. HGF/Met system is involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by promoting stromal cell proliferation and invasion of shed endometria and endometrial lesions via autocrine and paracrine pathways. HGF/SF decreased transendothelial resistance (TER) and increased paracellular permeability in human vascular endothelial cells. HGF/SF released FGF-2 in the matrix but did not induce FGF-2 expression in external auditory canal cholesteatoma. HGF/SF-met signaling may up-regulate oncogenes, signal transduction genes, apoptosis-related genes, metastasis related genes, and down-regulate a number of genes. Hepatocyte growth factor. Hepatocyte growth factor induces apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway in hepatoma cells. Hepatocyte growth factor is essential for migration of myogenic cells and promotes their proliferation during the early periods of tongue morphogenesis in mouse embryos. Hepatocyte growth factor may be a mediator of heparin-induced osteoporosis. Hepatocyte growth factor promotes lymphatic vessel formation and function. Hepatocyte growth factor regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor. Hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by mesenchymal cells and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin. Its ability to stimulate mitogenesis, cell motility, and matrix invasion gives it a central role in angiogenesis, tumorogenesis, and tissue regeneration. It is secreted as a single inactive polypeptide and is cleaved by serine proteases into a 69-kDa alpha-chain and 34-kDa beta-chain. A disulfide bond between the alpha and beta chains produces the active, heterodimeric molecule. The protein belongs to the plasminogen subfamily of S1 peptidases but has no detectable protease activity. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Hepatocyte growth factor triggers signaling cascades mediating vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF/SF)facilitates intercellular communication between the epithelial carcinoma and surrounding stromal tissue during metastatic invasion through interaction with its proto-oncogenic receptor, Met, found on carcinoma cells. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor inhibits UVB-induced apoptosis of human keratinocytes but not of keratinocyte-derived cell lines via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-mediates activation of Met and consequent downstream signaling in the glycosaminoglycan metabolism. IL-6 and TNFalpha are involved in the production of HGF by endometrial stromal cells and may be involved in the growth of endometriosis by an autocrine mechanism. In the presence of keratinocytes, fibroblasts from buccal mucosa, periodontal ligament, & skin increased increased HGF and KGF production 2-3 times. This may influence the proliferation & migration of junctional epithelium and affect periodontal disease. Increased expression of HGF and KGF by buccal mucosal fibroblasts may partly be responsible for the faster wound healing with less scar formation in the oral cavity compared with normal skin. Increased levels of HGF in circulating blood is associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Increased serum HGF concentrations correlate with the presence of thrombi in patients with acute coronary syndrome, acute aortic dissection, and pulmonary thromboembolism. It is concluded that level and duration of MAPK activation by Met receptor are crucial for the induction of a full HGF-dependent mitogenic and invasive program in KS cells. Mediates angiogenesis in cultured cancer cells by regulating the expression of hepatocyte growth factor and thrombospondin 1. Mitogenic effects of HGF on hepatocytes may be accompanied by undesired cholangiogenesis and angiogenesis. Modulation of the c-Met/hepatocyte growth factor pathway in small cell lung cancer. N-terminal domain of HGF inhibits angiogenesis not by disrupting the HGF/c-met interaction but rather by interfering with the endothelial glycosaminoglycans. NK4-transfected clone showed significant inhibition of pancreatic tumor progression in both the orthotopic implantation and liver metastasis models. Overexpression of HGF/c-met appears to be a biological feedback response to the fibrotic process of systemic sclerosis. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are a source of hepatocyte growth factor in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Post-myocardial infarction human HGF gene therapy improved LV remodeling and dysfunction through hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, infarct wall thickening, preservation of vessels, and antifibrosis in a mouse model. Quantitative-histogram scores of HGF in cuboidal or columnar cells surrounding red lesions showed statistically significant correlation with accumulation of macrophage in cells; no similar correlation was demonstrated for black lesions. Recombinant human HGF accelerates the regeneration of severely damaged livers, a situation in which the proliferation of mature hepatocytes is impaired. Relationship of intercellular adhesion molecule-3 and hepatocyte growth factor with amyloidosis A in chronic renal-failure patients.There was no significant difference regarding the level of positivity for hepatocyte growth factor. Results indicate that hepatocyte growth factor plays a role in regulating dendritic morphology in the developing cerebral cortex. Retroviral ribozyme transgenes targeting HGF/SF in fibroblasts or its receptor cMET in mammary cancer cells can reduce the growth of mammary cancer and associated angiogenesis by inhibiting paracrine stromal-tumor cell interactions. Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor stimulation of glioblastoma cell cycle progression through G(1) is c-Myc dependent and independent of p27 suppression, Cdk2 activation, or E2F1-dependent transcription. Semiquantitative analysis of HGF mRNA expression between decidua basalis and decidua parietalis showed no statistically significant difference. Serum HGF levels did not change significantly after adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation with right lobe graft. Shc is a critical angiogenic switch for VEGF production downstream from the HGF and ErbB2 RTKs. Significantly higher serum HGF level is associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Suppressed intestinal mRNA expression of T-helper 1 cytokines. Total and CD4-positive T cells, neutrophils, and myloperoxidase activity in intestinal epithelium were diminished by HGF gene transfer, which also prevented weight loss and improved survival. Suppression of metastasis of human pancreatic cancer to the liver by transportal injection of recombinant adenoviral NK4 in nude mice. TGF-beta1 inhibits hepatocyte growth factor (HGF/SF) levels in external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) epithelial cells. Tetranectin binds to this protein and TTPA. The HGF has a role of signal in colon tumorigenesis that is associated to progression of adenoma into carcinoma. The HGF/c-met signaling system may have an important role in hMSC recruitment sites of tissue regeneration. The autocrine mechanism between over-expressed c-Met and HGF/SF in malignant tumors is part of the process of pleural metastatic spread. The beneficial effect of HGF in chronic renal disease is attributable, at least in part, to a direct anti-inflammatory action, likely via NF-kappaB, on tubular epithelial cells. The crystal structure of the beta-chain of HGF was studied. The hepatocyte growth factor/Met pathway controls proliferation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma. The production of this factor in kidney increases after unilateral nephrectomy. The serum level of HGF represents the degree of the carcinogenic state in the liver of patients with C-viral chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Theca cell-derived HGF may be capable of stimulating the proliferation of granulosa cells and suppressing progesterone synthesis via an activating MAPK pathway. These results argue for growth factor-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma development and provide novel and combined prognosis markers after HCC surgery. These results suggest that hepatocyte growth factor and interleukin-6 upregulate each other's receptors, and thus cooperatively enhance tissue invasion. This article reviews the published evidence of the roles hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor plays in prostate cancer progression. This study revealed that HGF is densely found in the carotid fork, and its CSF level is markedly elevated in moyamoya disease, suggesting that HGF may be a key protein for pathogenesis of moyamoya disease. Transfected HGF is expressed in hepatic cells and has the activity of promoting cell division and protecting hepatic cells against poisoning. Unlike other growth factors, HGF did not show any activity on the fibrinolytic system in both normal and dystrophic myoblasts. A decrease of insulin-like growth factor 1 along with an increase of hepatocyte growth factor may reflect an underlying biological process that influences cognitive decline as well as carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly. A diagnostic marker of thrombus formation in patients with cerebral infarction. A novel activity of HGF-the stimulation of NO production-which occurs via eNOS phosphorylation that may in turn be mediated by cross-talk between the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. Aberrant signaling involvement in rhabdomyosarcomagenesis. All-trans-retinoic acid augments the induction of HGF production caused by increased intracellular cAMP. Autocrine/paracrine role of HGF in glial cell responses during proliferative vitreoretinal disorders as well as in retinal neovascularization, by stimulating of VEGF release. Both Met and HGF are overexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinomas. C-Met and HGF-SF have roles in the growth and progression of human and canine osteosarcoma. Catalase and hepatocyte growth factor have roles in ceramide-induced apoptosis. Early spreading responses to HGF may partly relate to increased paxillin availability for incorporation into, and turnover within, dynamic cytoskeletal/membrane complexes whose rapid and transient adhesion to the matrix drives migration. Elevated plasma levels in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and bacterial infections. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation is catalyzed by multiple myeloma cells secreting the serine protease HGF-activator. Hepatocyte growth factor Downregulates E-cadherin and Desmoglein 1 during melanoma development. Hepatocyte growth factor and c-Met/HGF receptor have roles in prostate neoplasm progression. Hepatocyte growth factor values were significantly elevated in pregnancies of small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. Higher levels in vitreous body of people with proliferative retinopathy in vitrectomy. Immunoexpression of hepatocyte growth factor and c-Met in the eutopic endometrium of patients with pelvic endometrioisis is possibly useful to predict greater activity of the ectopic endometrium. In chronic skin ulcers, decreased biological activity of endogenous HGF and overexpression of c-met may have roles in fibrosis and delayed recovery. In human tumor cells, HGF and M-CSF stimulate osteopontin production (which is subsequently used as a substrate for cell adhesion). Inhibition of RANTES expression is mediated by activation of PI3K-Akt-GSK3beta pathway. Is produced by peritoneal macrophages and is possibly involved in the growth of endometriosis. May have an important role in cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth. Plasma kallikrein and FXIa activate pro-HGF in vitro. Play important roles in lung development, lung inflammation, and repair. Regulation of expression is affected by stat3 activation. Regulation of production, subcellular localization and molecular form in neutrophils. Results reveal a signaling pathway for G1 arrest induced by HGF. Results show that HGF suppresses TGF-beta1-mediated renal interstitial myofibroblastic activation; and this action of HGF is likely related to a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent blockade of Smad nuclear translocation. Role in inhibiting anoikis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by activation of ERK and Akt signaling independent of NFkappa B. Stimulates eNOS activity by a PI3K/Akt-dependent phosphorylation in a Ca(2+)-sensitive manner in vascular endothelial cells. The role of HGF in basement membrane formation during wound healing by immortalized alveolar type II epithelial cells. Two convergent proinvasive agents secreted by myofibroblasts, namely hepatocyte growth factor and the TGF-beta-upregulated extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C, are each necessary though not sufficient for neoplasm invasion.
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