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A minimal IFN-gamma promoter contains a T box expressed in a T-bet responsive unit within the -565 to -410 region of the IFN-gamma promoter and is sufficient to confer Th1 selective expression upon a reporter. A minimal IFN-gamma promoter contains a T box expressed in a T-bet responsive unit within the -565 to -410 region of the IFN-gamma promoter and is sufficient to confer Th1 selective expression upon a reporter. A novel role is shown for IFN-gamma in foam cell formation through upregulation of CXCL16/SR-PSOX. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Aa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces dendritic cells IL-12 p70 and natural killer cells IFN-gamma production. Among host genetic factors contributing to H. pylori disease outcome, IFN-G +874 AA genotype favors cagA positive infections. Association between a high-expressing interferon-gamma allele and a lower frequency of kidney angiomyolipomas in TSC2 patients. Association of IFNG gene polymorphism with asthma in the Indian population. CD57+ T cells augment IFN-gamma production in a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction. Candida albicans stimulates IFN-gamma production in an IL-18, IL-12, and IL-1beta dependent manner in human whole blood cultures. Cells from infected subjects cultured with ST-Ag all released high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) into the culture supernatant. Compared to the control group, there was lower expression of IFN-gamma mRNA in CD4+ cells at the time of lymphoma diagnosis; this may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of impaired immunity in these patients. Considerable expression of mRNA for this protein was detected in trigeminal ganglia of BALB/C mouse brains during acute HSV-1 infection. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequency can be determined by the granzyme B and interferon gamma marker for determining donor-specific cytolytic activity after clinical organ transplantation. Data from a prospective twin study suggest that signature cytokines (e.g., IFN-gamma) and IFN-gamma signaling events of T helper type 1 (Th1) rather than Th2 cells are genetically determined. Data show that frequencies of CD4 IL-10 and CD4/CD8 IFNgamma-secreting memory T cells specific for RSV or influenza were not significantly different between young and elderly, but the ratio of IL-10/IFNgamma was significantly reduced in elderly RSV. Data suggest that acquired defects in the interferon-gamma pathway may explain unusual susceptibility to intracellular pathogens without underlying, genetically determined immunological defects. Description of three new polymorphisms in the intronic and 3'UTR regions of the interferon gamma gene. Downregulation of waf1 mediates apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in response to interferon-gamma. EBV LMP1 could activate downstream molecules ERK and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Expression in CD8+ T cells of patients with advanced solid tumors in response to influenza and vaccinia antigens. FN-gamma regulates IL-4- and STAT6-dependent signaling and gene expression in airway epithelial cells by multiple mechanisms. Frequency of IFN- gamma -producing T cells in patients with chronic Chagas disease is associated with history of recent exposure and with the clinical status of the patient. Genetic polymorphism of the interferon-gamma gene is associtated with cervical carcinogenesis. This polymorphism correlates with HPV infection in a disease- and type-specific manner. HSV-2 antiviral effect of type II interferon and TNF-alpha is dependent on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation. Haplotype analysis of interferon gamma confirms that this multiple sclerosis (MS)associated locus protects males from developing MS according to a recessive or allele-dosage model. Homozygotes for the D allele (DD) of the interferon-gamma gene have an increased chance of developing sepsis after traumatic injury. Human lung fibroblasts stimulated with IFN-gamma show a marked decrease in CD154 protein expression, for both the normal and fibrotic strains of lung fibroblasts tested. IFG responses to Plasmodium falciparum LSA-1 and TRAP develop in response to age and/or repeated exposure; and IFG response to LSA-1 as measured by ELISA correlates with protection against uncomplicated malaria morbidity. IFN gamma activates CARD4/NOD1 transcription and regulates innate immune mechanisms in the condition of intestinal mucosal inflammation. IFN gamma is an important modulator of CXCR4 and CCR5 expression in human fetal astrocytes. IFN-gamma + 874 SNP might be important in determining an individual's susceptibility to development of intrauterine hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. IFN-gamma accelerates differentiation of targeted human stem and progenitor cells, demonstrating that IFN-gamma can negatively affect self-renewal of human hempoietic stem cells. IFN-gamma attenuates epithelial wound closure by microtubule-dependent redirection of beta(1) integrin transcytosis from the leading edge of migrating cells thereby inhibiting adequate turnover of focal adhesion complexes and cell migration. IFN-gamma can prime intestinal epithelial monolayers to respond to TNF-alpha by disrupting tight junction morphology and barrier function via MLCK up-regulation and MLC phosphorylation. IFN-gamma enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through IRF-1. IFN-gamma gene polymorphism at position +874 (intron 1) does not play a dominant role in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. IFN-gamma gene polymorphisms are associated with disease susceptibility and disease progression in IgA nephropathy in Japanese patients. IFN-gamma has a role in the pathogenesis of measles virus (MV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infections of the CNS [review]. IFN-gamma is a central mediator of vascular dysfunction and, through dysregulation of NOS expression, links early dysfunction with late arteriosclerosis. IFN-gamma is an effective inhibitor of ASM cell proliferation by blocking transition from G1-to-S phase by acting at two different levels: modulation of cdk2/cyclin E activation and inhibition of E2F-1 gene expression. IFN-gamma is not only involved in tumorigenicity but also involved in neurogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. IFN-gamma markedly up-regulated CD14 and MyD88 but not TLR4 protein and MD-2 mRNA expression in human gingival fibroblasts. IFN-gamma may contribute to the inflammatory cascade of familial mediterranean fever. IFN-gamma operates a switch that rapidly regulates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation by IL-10 and alters macrophage responses to IL-10. IFN-gamma plays a critical role in the protection of Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients against periportal fibrosis. IFN-gamma plays a role in preventing the erythroid progenitor cell apoptosis by affecting Bcl-x expression, thus reducing disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential via PI3-kinase pathways that are related to but distinct from the EPO pathway. IFN-gamma plays a role in regulating T helper 1-type immune responses in neonates born to mothers with placental falciparum malaria at delivery. IFN-gamma produced in the prostate by basal cells and, under proinflammatory conditions, by infiltrating lymphocytes could support neuroendocrine cell differentiation and play a role in differentiation of tumor cells in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. IFN-gamma promoter activity is suppressed by GATA-3 independently of binding to cis-regulatory elements. IFN-gamma represses IL-4 expression via IRF-1 and IRF-2. IFN-gamma sensitizes KB cells for apoptosis induction by facilitating death-inducing signaling complex (DISC)-mediated caspase 8 processing. IFN-gamma shifts monocyte differentiation to macrophages rather than DCs through autocrine M-CSF and IL-6 production. IFN-gamma treatment inhibits IFN-alpha-activated signals most probably, at least in part, through the induction of STAT1 protein expression. IFN-gamma-induced enzyme Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays an important antiviral role in Measles virus infections of epithelial, endothelial, and astroglial cells. IFN-gamma-induced immune adaptation of the proteasome system is an accelerated and transient response. IFN-gamma-induced killing of Coxiella burnetti in monocytes involves two mechanisms: phagosome maturation and late phagosome alkalinization. IFN-gamma-mediated caspase-3 activation and C. burnetii killing depend on the expression of membrane TNF. IFN-gamma-stimulated p11 expression may serve a counterregulatory role in human epithelial cells. IFNG -179T is a risk factor for AIDS progression, as measured by CD4 cell count. IFNG CA-repeat polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to endometriosis in a Japanese population. IFNG T874A, IFNGR1 C-56T and IFNGR2 A839G genotypes were not associated with the incidence of angiographic and clinical restenosis (P>0.23). IFNG priming enhances migration to inflammatory chemokines; IFN-gamma-inducible gene expression is attenuated by high levels of Stat1; physiological regulation of the relative abundance of Stat1 and Stat3 impacts on gene expression. IFNG treatment of ECV304 cells increased bacterial cell adhesion. IFNgamma CA polymorphism is associated with coeliac disease. IFNgamma in the presence of GM-CSF and/or TNFalpha differentially regulates monocyte MMPs through induction of TNFalpha and a novel mechanism involving caspase 8 that is independent of apoptosis. IFNgamma strongly blocked the generation of myofibroblasts and moderately inhibited the production of alphaSMA in TGFbeta1-promoted myofibrobasts. IFNgamma-induced apoptosis is p53-independent. IL-12 and IL-18, which synergise to stimulate NK cells to produce interferon-gamma, are produced following the Chlamydia trachomatis infection of dendritic cells and epithelial cells. IL-12R beta 1- and IFN-gamma R1 signals co-ordinately regulate IFN-gamma production, but only IL-12 negatively controls IL-4 production. IL-12 and IFN-gamma signals are each sufficient for IFN-gamma production but both are needed for optimal production. In all three groups of patients significant correlation was seen between abundance of IL-2 vs. IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, or TNF-alpha, between IL-4 vs. IL-10, and between TNF-alpha vs. INF-gamma. In cultured myotubes from muscle biopsies of patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis, IFN-gamma upregulates the synthesis of monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig) and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10). In human monocytic THP-1 cells stimulated by IFN-gamma, mRNA abundance of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) increases far more than transcription rate, but less than the transcription rate in THP-1 cells infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In pre eclampsia IFN-gamma expression mimicked that in early placental development. In the presence of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha increased GTPCH I mRNA in a manner dependent on nuclear factor-kappaB. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha exert distinct but cooperative roles for BH4 biosynthesis in endothelium. In the presence of prolactin, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-12 p70 levels, but not of IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), increased significantly in whole blood. In the recurrent implantation failure group, the MMP score and IL-1beta concentration were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-10 were significantly lower. Interferon-gamma down-regulates adenosine 2b receptor-mediated signaling and inhibits the expression of adenylate cyclase. Interferon-gamma downregulates Hsp27 expression and suppresses the negative regulation of cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma lines. Interferon-gamma interferes with transforming growth factor-beta signaling through direct interaction of YB-1 with Smad3. Interferon-gamma stimulates the expression of galectin-9 in cultured human endothelial cells. ). IFN-gamma also enhanced the adhesion of human eosinophilic leukemia-1 cells to endothelial monolayers, and it was inhibited by the presence of lactose. Interferon-gamma-induced chromatin remodeling at the CIITA locus is BRG1 dependent. Interferon-gamma-mediated downregulation of cholesterol efflux and ABC1 expression is by the Stat1 pathway. Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma serum levels in patients with anorexia nervosa. It was impossible to evaluate whether in vitro cytokine production profiles really can be deduced from a particular cytokine gene polymorphism. JNK signaling plays an important role in the inhibitory effects of cAMP on IL-1beta+IFNgamma-induced iNOS gene expression in cultured hepatocytes. Lipid microdomains are required sites for the selective endocytosis and nuclear translocation of IFN-gamma. Measles virus V protein does not block IFNG signaling. Membrane-bound form of fractalkine induces IFN-gamma production by NK cells. Natural Killer cells produce high levels of IFN-gamma when stimulated with a combination of Helicobacter pylori antigen and IL-12. No association between interferon gamma single nucleotide polymorphism and risk of Alzheimer disease. Number of CD4+ cells expressing intracellular IFN-gamma (significantly higher in elderly trained than in young. No significant differences in IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio within CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Outward vascular remodeling and intimal thickening, two manifestations of arteriosclerosis with opposing effects on luminal size, result from immune effector mechanisms that are T-cell dependent and interferon (IFN)-gamma mediated. P. gingivalis membrane vesicles apparently inhibited IFN-gamma-induced MHC class II by disrupting the IFN-gamma signaling transduction pathway. Penicillin conjugates interferon-gamma and reduces its activity. Percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-gamma was significantly decreased in atopic dermatitis compared with nonatopic healthy adults. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from individuals with specific IFNG genotypes differ in their ability to rapidly develop high-penetrance, Epstein-Barr virus driven-lymphoproliferative disease in the human PBL-SCID mouse model. Polymorphic in pancreatitis. Preincubation of airway epithelial-like tumor cells with IFN-gamma results in a hyperresponsive IL-6 and IL-8 production to TNF-alpha and LPS via an underlying mechanism involving the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Production of IFNG was reduced after the second T-cell vaccination. Production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in early stage B-CLL is suppressed by interferons alpha and gamma. Reduced levels of gamma-interferon secretion in response to chlamydial 60 kDa heat shock protein amongst women with pelvic inflammatory disease and a history of repeated Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Regulation of nuclear gamma interferon gene expression by interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-2 represents a novel form of posttranscriptional control. Results describe the effect of CD80 and CD86 inactivation on interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma production in nonatopic asthmatics and healthy subjects. Results suggest that IFN-gamma facilitates TRAIL-induced activation of mitochondria-regulated as well as mitochondria-independent apoptotic pathways in breast tumour cells. S.stercoralis patients with HTLV-I showed a high frequency of expression of interferon gamma, but those without HTLV-I did not. STAT-1, IRF-1, and RAR-beta expression were enhanced by IFN-gamma and ATRA in combination, and to a greater degree in BALM-3 cells than in BALM-1 cells, suggesting that these IFN-gamma related genes were involved in the induction of apoptosis. Significantly higher interferon, gamma levels are associated with serous adenocarcinoma. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were significantly overexpressed in stimulated marrow marrow mononuclear cells of Fanconi anemia patients as compared to healthy controls. TNFa, IL-1b and ifn-gamma stimulate gamma-secretase-mediated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein through a JNK-dependent MAPK. Tat produced cytotoxicity of brain microvascular endothelial cells, but required IFN-gamma. The CA repeat polymorphism of the IFN-gamma gene might be associated with the outcome of anti-thyroid drug treatment. The IL-12/IL-18 axis does not induce IFN-gamma production in human endotoxemia. The degree of IFN-gamma promoter methylation correlates with the production of IFN-gamma, which plays an important role during in vitro differentiation of peripheral blood T helper cell subtypes. The dermal T cell IFN-gamma responses to the group A streptococcal cell wall extract, which ranged from < 1 to 28%, were significantly higher than that to S. mutans extract (p = 0.0052) and were self-HLA-DR allele restricted. The different rates of interleukin-10 production associated with the interleukin-10 polymorphism did not affect susceptibility to tuberculosis. The effects of IFN-gamma on immature erythroid cells depend on multiple interactions between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members and their receptors. The frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells expressing CXCR3+ CD3+ cells is significantly increased in patients with Behcet's disease. The presence of allele 2 (12 CA repeats)in the human IFN-gamma gene was consistently associated with increased duration of survival after confirmation of nonresectable pancreatic carcinoma. The presence of high-expression polymorphisms at position +874 of the IFN-gamma gene significantly increases the risk for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome development after lung transplantation. The roles of IFN gamma in protection against tumor development and cancer immunoediting. Those CD8-positive antigen-specific and alloantigen T-cells secreting interferon gamma have greater cytotoxic potential. Transgenic interferon-gamma induces alveolar epithelial cell DNA injury and apoptosis via a novel murine cathepsin S-dependent pathway, a critical event in the pathogenesis of alveolar remodeling, emphysema and inflammation. Transient exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to IFNG leads to persistent increased expression of ICAM-1. Two IFN-gamma polymorphisms (+2109 A/G and +3810 A/G) result in changes in nuclear protein interactions with intronic regions of IFN-gamma, which may play a critical role in the control of periportal fibrosis in hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni infection. Two new single nucleotide polymorphisms of the promoter, along with their possible regulatory effects. Up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric epithelial cells: possible role of interferon-gamma in polarized nitric oxide secretion. Upregulation in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Vav activates the IFN-gamma promoter via upregulation of AP-1-binding through a Rac1/JNK pathway. When transfected into hepatocytes, ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in rats and modifies intrasplenic transplantation of syngenic hepatocytes. All-trans-retinoic acid, an RARalpha ligand, regulates IFNgamma-induced IRF-1 by affecting multiple components of the IFNgamma signaling pathway, from the plasma membrane to the nuclear transcription factors. An IFNgamma-dependent signaling cascade activated downstream of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3'-kinase, involving the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the p70 S6 kinase. Association of polymorphism with acute and chronic kidsney transplantation outcome. Augmented mRNA and surface expression of TLR4 in monocytes and macrophages. Common polymorphisms in the IFNgamma/IL-26 gene region may contribute to sex bias in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, by distorting the propensity of female carriers versus male carriers to contract this disease. Conserved helix C region in the superfamily of interferon-gamma /interleukin-10-related cytokines corresponds to a high-affinity binding site for the HSP70 chaperone DnaK. Detected a significant positive correlation between TNF-alpha (r=0.55) and interferon-gamma (r=0.54) mRNA expression and the Beck Depression Inventory sum scores during an acute attack in multiple sclerosis patients. Direct evidence for production by effector-memory-type intraepidermal T cells residing at an effector site of immunopathology in fixed drug eruption. Down-regulation of IFN-gamma-induced gene expression by VIP and PACAP is important for regulation of the inflammatory response in the central nervous system. Effect of IFN-gamma on the mechanisms responsible for the circadian organization of pituitary hormone release. Effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in conjunction with TNF-alpha. Enhanced expression in Helicobacter pylori infection of gastric mucosa; significant association with bacteria load, chronic inflammation and activity. Exposure of human mast cells to IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma during growth and differentiation generally down-regulated mast cell number and function. Expressed in multiple sclerosis brain lesions. Expression of IP-10 in serum and liver highest in chronic hepatitis C and correlates with accumulation of Il-18 and INFgamma mRNA in chronic hepatitis C, but not in hepatitis B nor in nonviral liver disorders. Expression of mRNA for IL-4, IL-5, TGF-beta1, IFN-gamma in patients with cicatricial pemphigoid. Findings demonstrate that interferon-gamma binds to an outer membrane protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, OprF, resulting in the expression of a quorum-sensing dependent virulence determinant, the PA-I lectin. Findings indicate that T-cell populations rather than malignant B cells are the source of interferon-gamma in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Gamma interferon implicated in the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease may exert its effects at least in part through modulation of oxidative stress. Gene polymorphisms of cytokines playing a major regulatory role in the inflammatory response do not affect life expectancy in the Sardinian population. Genetic polymorphism of the first intron of the promoter gene of IFN-gamma may be an important risk factor to develop oral lesions of lichen planus. Homozygous for the IFNG +874A allele may have a higher risk of contracting brucellosis. Identification of TATA-containing core promoter of the type II collagen gene as target of interferon-gamma mediated inhibition. Identification of locus in interferon-gamma for epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional regulation by interleukin-2. Identifies BRCA1 as a component of the IFN-gamma-regulated signaling pathway and suggests that BRCA1 may play a role in the regulation of IFN-gamma-mediated apoptosis. Identify a highly conserved distal enhancer in the IFN-gamma cytokine locus. Immune restoration of HIV-1-infected children receiving HAART might be related to an increase in INF-gamma production and a decrease in the rate of IL-10 production after virus suppression. Increased frequency of (CA)12 allele (P<0.001) and decreased frequencies of (CA)15 (P<0.01) and (CA)>15 (p<0.001) alleles in sporadic breast cancer patients as compared to controls. Increased levels in HPV16+ cervical biopsies, decreased levels in HPV18+ biopsies, increased levels in HIV-/HPV16+ biopsies, and decreased levels in HIV-/HPV18+ biopsies. Increased secretion in mucosal leishmaniasis. Interferon gamma Stat1 signaling in epithelial cells is disrupted by Helicobacter pylori infection. Interferon gamma has a role in modulating RANKL secretion through interferon gamma/RANKL cross-talk. Interferon-gamma upregulates urotensin II receptor. Interleukin 12 and interferon gamma are involved in inhibition of cytotrophoblastic cell invasion. Is a critical mediator for the development of autologous graft-versus-host disease. MTOR may play a major role in IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production by activated T cells. Mutational switch of il-6 gives an interferon-gamma-like response. Neonates have an immature interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma response as compared with adults. No evidence for IFNG as a predisposing gene in celiac disease, despite its enhanced expression in patients with total villous atrophy (a 240-fold higher expression) and in patients in complete remission. Novel mechanism by which IFN-gamma can regulate IL-13 responses. P27Kip1 inhibits hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity through post-transcriptional up-regulation by IFN-gamma/IRF-1 signaling. Peptidoglycan signaling through TLR2 and bacterial CpG DNA signaling through TLR9 are functionally equivalent at synergizing with IFN-gamma in regulating Tap-1 expression in macrophages. Plays an important physiological role during inflammation by down-regulating collagen gene expression and activating major histocompatibility II complex. Predominant presence of high-producing IL-6 alleles together with low-producing IL-10 and IFN-gamma alleles in G6PD-deficient individuals with ancestry from malaria-endemic regions. Primarily mediates effects on megakaryocytic cells and platelets rather than on thrombopoietin-producing hepatocytes. Produced by natural killer cell only upon reaching terminal functional differentiation. Produced by oral epithelial cells in response to exposure to Candida albicans or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Production by different populations of erythroid cells derived from human embryonal liver. Relationship between recurrent pregnancy loss and polymorphisms of the genes coding for TNF-alpha (-308 G-->A), IL-10 (-1082 G-->A), IL-6 (-174 G-->C), and IFN-gamma (+874 A-->T). Responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen-1 peptide. Results indicate opposite effects of IFN-gamma and IL-4 on VEGF expression from normal and activated HF and HK. Results of this study indicate that IFN-gamma may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes, based on a combination of molecular and immunological observations. Results suggest that autophagy 5-like Atg5 plays a crucial role in interferon-gamma-induced autophagic cell death by interacting with Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD). Role in downregulating CXC chemokine GCP-2/CXCL6. Role in genetic susceptibility of tuberculosis. Role in inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection of human epithelial cells affected by 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase. Role in modulating thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17 and interferon-induced protein of 10kDA/CXCL10 release in HaCaT cell line. Role of IL-12 and IFN-gamma on inducing inflammatory chemokine secretion and down-regulating CCR5 expression in human T cells. Role of IL-13 in the skin and IFN-gamma in the liver in protective immunity against schistosomes [review]. Role of Sp1 and Sp3 in interferon-gamma mediated suppression of macrophage lipoprotein lipase gene transcription. Significant effect of IL-18 on IFN-gamma release in vitro. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the proximal IFN-gamma promoter alters control of gene transcription. The presence of a combined association between DR beta 1 major histocompatibility complex and IFN-gamma 3,3 in sarcoidosis (P = 0.017) and Lofgren's syndrome patients. The synergistic induction of IFN-gamma by interleukin-12 and IL-18 in natural killer cells is mediated at least in part by p38-dependent and 3' UTR-mediated stabilization of IFN-gamma mRNA. Transepidermal water loss was suppressed by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, and these effects were also inhibited by IL-4. Tumor cell lines expressed cell surface IFN-gamma receptors, and when cultured for 2 days in the presence of IFNG, all exhibited a significant increase in expression of Fas receptors and exhibited intracellular fragmented DNA as a marker of apoptosis. Up-regulation of human caspase-8 by interferon-gamma in breast tumor cells requires the induction and action of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1.
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